Wastewater
Coal seam gas water
Ecological Engineering
Direct use, chemical treatment, partial desalination and/or blending to achieve “agricultural grade”, with beneficial re-use by irrigation to trees or crops.
![photo 01 santos april 2010 p4130225](/images/ecoeng_article_images/photo_01_santos_april_2010_p4130225.jpg)
Conventional Engineering
Process based water treatment via desalination, ion exchange or similar, storage of waste brine, and piping of treated water to conventional storages / distribution infrastructure.
![photo 02 kenya wtp tcn231013aerial t460](/images/ecoeng_article_images/photo_02_kenya_wtp_tcn231013aerial_t460.jpg)
www.water-technology.net
Intercepted mine water
Ecological Engineering
Direct use, chemical treatment and/or partial treatment to achieve “agricultural grade”, with beneficial re-use by irrigation to trees or crops.
![photo 03 p4150269](/images/ecoeng_article_images/photo_03_p4150269.jpg)
Conventional Engineering
Impoundment in large, plastic-lined holding ponds, evaporation and rehabilitation of impoundment post mining.
![photo 04 qgc june 09 p6110272](/images/ecoeng_article_images/photo_04_qgc_june_09_p6110272.jpg)
Sewage effluent and sanitation
Ecological Engineering
Direct use, chemical treatment and/or partial treatment to achieve “agricultural grade”, with beneficial re-use by irrigation to trees or crops.
![photo 05maleny ifp site](/images/ecoeng_article_images/photo_05maleny_ifp_site.jpg)
Conventional Engineering
Options include:
- Irrigation of secondary treated water to trees/crops to neutralise contaminants and beneficially use nutrients.
- Release of secondary treated water to wetlands to neutralise contaminants and remove nutrients (may require periodic harvesting to avoid nutrient saturation).and
- Full water treatment via underground wetland to neutralise contaminants and remove nutrients.
![photo 06 img 1020](/images/ecoeng_article_images/photo_06_img_1020.jpg)